![]() ![]() Over two-thirds of the approximately 2.1 million Native Americans in the United States live in urban areas (Fixico ix), and even if this fact has not significantly infiltrated the American popular imagination, Native American literature has nonetheless represented Indian urban experience in many contemporary works, such as the fiction of Sherman Alexie and Greg Sarris and the poetry of Esther Belin. Groups such as the legendary Mohawk steelworkers on the East Coast and the American Indian Movement, which emerged from urban Indian neighborhoods in cities such as Minneapolis, Oakland, and Cleveland, give testament to a significant part of the "survivance," to use Gerald Vizenor's term, of contemporary Native American peoples and cultures. It is impossible to accurately imagine contemporary Native American identity without understanding the contribution of urban Indians. Studies in American Indian Literatures 17.4 (2005) 114-143 ![]()
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